BASIC RULES :
I/YOU/THEY/WE (PLURAL) + i AM /was //ARE /were
HE/SHE/IT (SINGULAR) + is/was
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT : (present tense only)
Plural + root verb (kata kerja akar) I/you/they/we kick the ball
Singular + verb+s he/she/it kicks the ball
S-VERB AGREEMENT (apply to all)
e.g.
She is busy stitching, sewing, hemming and hanging the Hari Raya’s curtains.( 3 )
The helium balloons were kicked and punched by the brothers.( 7past passive )
The monkey eats and drinks in front of me during ramadhan, the fasting month
that I do not dare to stare at her, lest that I may break my fast soon.( 1 )
My mom and I yelled deafeningly and took a break at Petronas coffee break grocery store after a long drive.(2 )
ü MY MOM AND I not ý I AND MY MOM
Lest = khuatirkan
a.SIMPLE SENTENCE : SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT OR
SUBJECT + PREDICATE
b.COMPOUND SENTENCE : SIMPLE SENTENCE + simple CONJUNCTION
Conjunction : but, so, and, or
Preposition : on, off, above, in front of, between, adjacent to, next to, ..
Round ..……………………………………………………….
c. COMPLEX SENTENCE : COMPOUND + TR MARKERS/ INTER.. PRONOUNS
Transition markers : however, Hence, In addition to that, Despite,
In spite of, Nevertheless, Lest that, Ironically,
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
Interrogative Pronouns: (dlm bentuk sentence bukan question form)
who – org yg
which- yang (for animals and things only except people)
who – org yg
which- yang (for animals and things only except people)
That – yang (for all- animals/things/people)
Whom- dia yang (people)
Whose - (siapa) empunya How – bagaimana why - kenapa
Where- di mana when – bilakah/apabila
(as – ketika)
(as – ketika)
RECALL
| | SUBJECT | OBJECT | Reflexive pronoun | Possesive pronoun |
| P L U R A L | I You They We | Me You Them us | Myself Yourself/selves Themselves Ourselves | Mine Yours Theirs Ours |
| S I N G U L AR | He She It Recall: It’s=It is Its =û He’s =he is | Him Her it | Himself Herself itself | His Hers Its |
(S)Subject : the doer of the action (pembuat)
(O)Object : the receiver of the action(penerima)
V : verb (al -fe’el) N : Noun ( Al- ism)
For the first time, RONALDO kicks the ball for The Real Madrid. (S) (v) (O)
Phrase (frasa)
Ronaldo kicks the ball
He kicks the ball
Ronaldo kicks it
Example:
Wrong ýI like they. --à correct ü I like them
Recall:
They were mumbling among themselves. (back to the person)
Mereka membebel di kalangan mereka sendiri.
Their car is a Honda Accord. Keretanya adalah Honda Accord
The Honda Accord is theirs. Honda Accord itu kepunyaan mereka.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WHO vs WHOM : who – 1.when asking question about someone
“Who told you about those packs of lies?”
2. is used for people who do the action. (subject)
“This is detective Conan who has helped you a lot.”(all this while)- help( v)
Whom – 1.when asking a person formally
“To whom should I submit my Robinson’s portfolio?”
2.- is the Object form of who
“These are whom have received help from the detective Conan.” help (n)
Identify a. or b. or c.
- He is a teacher who teaches Biology.
- He is whom I like most.
3.
4.
5.
6.
______________________________________________________________________
smile………J Two thumbs up for you! C C Never surrender.!.OExample:
1.Present Tense: I kick the ball
2.Past Tense : I kicked the ball
3.Present Continous/Progressive : I am kicking the ball
She/He/It is kicking the ball
You/They/We are kicking the ball
4. Past Continous/Progressive : I was kicking the ball
She/He/It was kicking the ball
You/They/We were kicking the ball
5. Modals : should
Must may might
6. Negative modals:
7. Active vs Passive Voice
Active Passive Voice________________________
- You shouldn’t punish your pupils. à Your pupils shouldn’t be punished .( 6 )
- I take Ali’s shoes. à Ali’s shoes are taken by me .( 1 )
- Koku kicked the balls à The balls were kicked by Koku. ( 2 )
- The monkey has taken my burger à My burger has been taken by the monkey. ( 8 )
- Cicakman had sipped my drink àMy drink had been sipped by Cicakman.(9 )
- Lulu and Lala are hitting Cinderella. à Cinderella is hitting by Lulu
and Lala. ( 3 )
7. Lulu and Lili were hitting Cinderella (4) àCinderella was hitting by Lulu and Lili
Write NO. -the tenses of the sentences. (present/past/pres participle/past participle/negative modal/present continous or progressive/past progressive etc.)
- Present Participle/Perfect
Has/have + verb(3)
- Past Participle/Perfect
Had + verb(3)
**** very important to read a long list of this and read a lot !
| (1)Present Tense | (2)Past T | (3)Participle has/have/had | (4)Continous/Prog Is/are/ was/were… |
| write | wrote | written | writing |
| sip | sipped | sipped | Sipping |
| smear | smeared | smeared | smearing |
Example:
The culprits smear the school building’s wall with some placards.( 1 )
Yesterday/Last time/Two minutes ago I saw the culprits smeared on the school building’s wall.( 2 )
The culprits have smeared the wall several times in a month.( 8 )
The culprits are smearing on the wall by using placard. (3 )
Past Tense vs Present Participle
Present Participle : unspecified time – since, for, several times/a couple of times/a few times/ many times/ - UNFINISHED JOB
Past Tense : specified time – in 2001, in 2000 and 2001, between 1999 and 2000, last.., ..ago, yesterday, two days ago,..- FINISHED JOB
Drills: Identify either to use Pparticiple or Past Tense
- I (have worked/worked) since 1999.
- She (has kicked/kicked) my belly and it was painful.
- We (have submitted /submitted) our assignment yesterday.
- Hundred years ago, dinasours (has resided/had resided/resided) our earth.
- My uncle (has visited/has visit/had visited/visited/is visiting/was visiting)
us many times.
- My uncle (has visited/visits/ had visited/visited) us many times before this.
- Now she (reads/read/ is reading/was reading/has read) the Reader’s Digest.
- I saw she (reads/was reading/ had read) the ‘Laman Impiana’ Magazine.
- Gerund
Menukarkan Verb kepada Noun. Bilangannya SATU (singular)
e.g.
Walk – verb- kata kerja
Walking – noun ß--------------------Gerund
Is walking – verb (pre continous)
I like to walk in the park.
Walking is a good habit.
Browsing the internet is a very fun way to the kids.
Taking a balanced diet in your meal is a must.
Cloud seeding by ______(1) out a dried iodided into the clouds in the sky
______(2) a temporary effect to the area only.
- a. flush b. flushes c. flushing d. flushed
- a. produce b. produces c. produced d. has produced
TEST YOUR GRAMMAR/ VOCABS/PROVERBS/IDIOMS/,
Do you have SMART GUESSES?! – READ A LOT OF SAMPLE ESSAYS.
WRITE SOME PROVERS AND PHRASES SO YOU’LL REMEMBER BETTER
TIPS FOR ExPRESSIBLE ESSAYS
though midnight oils are burning to dry
hoped to fill with whimsical ideas.
Remember the limitation is only your imagination.
Create and write wonderful stories of adventure/experience in your essays.
Remember the format
Be TRUE to REVEAL the REAL you
GET REAL on THE REEL
And FEEL GOOD
Chill up and cheer up
SWALLOW TH E SORROW
For GOOD M OO D
And ignite!! Rekindle Dudes.
READY TO GO
Mahmudah!
Mudah!
By : Virtuoso anynomous maestro bonetto (copyright isadora4004@gmail.com© 29/9/2009 3:55:29 AM)
*** tips for cloze passage and other grammar rules: I have given you. Please check your own file.
