BASIC TIPS FOR GRAMMAR PMR UPSR 1

BASIC RULES :

 I/YOU/THEY/WE (PLURAL) + i AM /was    //ARE /were

                              HE/SHE/IT (SINGULAR) + is/was

SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT : (present tense only)

Plural + root verb (kata kerja akar) I/you/they/we kick the ball

Singular + verb+s       he/she/it kicks the ball

S-VERB AGREEMENT (apply to all)

e.g.

     She is busy stitching, sewing, hemming and hanging the Hari Raya’s curtains.( 3 )

     The helium balloons were kicked and punched by the brothers.( 7past passive   )                     

     The monkey eats and drinks in front of me during ramadhan, the fasting month

        that I do not dare to stare at her,  lest that I may break my fast soon.(  1 )

     My mom and I yelled deafeningly and took a break at Petronas coffee break grocery store after a long drive.(2 )

               ü  MY MOM AND I  not   ý I AND MY MOM

Lest = khuatirkan

a.SIMPLE SENTENCE : SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT   OR

                                          SUBJECT + PREDICATE  

b.COMPOUND SENTENCE : SIMPLE SENTENCE + simple CONJUNCTION 

              Conjunction : but, so, and, or  

         Preposition : on, off, above, in front of, between, adjacent to, next to, ..

                                     Round ..……………………………………………………….

c. COMPLEX SENTENCE : COMPOUND + TR MARKERS/ INTER.. PRONOUNS             

 Transition markers : however, Hence,    In addition to that, Despite,

                                      In spite of, Nevertheless, Lest that,  Ironically,

                                      ………………………………………………………………

                                      ………………………………………………………………

               Interrogative Pronouns: (dlm bentuk sentence bukan question form)
                            who – org yg
                   which- yang (for animals and things only except people)

                    That – yang (for all- animals/things/people)

                   Whom-  dia yang (people)

                Whose -  (siapa) empunya     How – bagaimana      why - kenapa

                 Where- di mana                     when – bilakah/apabila
                                                                  (as – ketika)   

RECALL

	SUBJECT	OBJECT	Reflexive pronoun	Possesive pronoun
P L U R A L	I You They We	Me You Them us	Myself Yourself/selves Themselves Ourselves	Mine Yours Theirs Ours
S I N G U L AR	He She It Recall: It’s=It is Its =û He’s =he is	Him Her it	Himself Herself itself	His Hers Its

(S)Subject : the doer of the action (pembuat)

(O)Object : the receiver of the action(penerima)

V : verb (al -fe’el)              N : Noun  ( Al- ism)

For the first time, RONALDO  kicks    the ball   for The Real Madrid.

                                      (S)               (v)       (O)    

                                                                                       Phrase (frasa)

    Ronaldo kicks the ball

     He kicks the ball

      Ronaldo kicks it

Example:

Wrong  ýI like they.   --à correct ü I like them

Recall:

They were mumbling among themselves. (back to the person)

                                    Mereka membebel di kalangan mereka sendiri.

Their car is a Honda Accord.     Keretanya adalah Honda Accord

The Honda Accord is theirs.       Honda Accord itu kepunyaan mereka.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

WHO vs WHOM :  who – 1.when asking question about someone

                                               “Who told you about those packs of lies?”

                                              2. is used for people who do the action. (subject)

   “This is detective Conan who has helped you a lot.”(all this while)- help( v)

                       Whom – 1.when asking a person formally

                                           “To whom should I submit my Robinson’s portfolio?”

                                        2.- is the Object form of who

              “These are whom have received help from the detective Conan.”   help (n)    

Identify a. or b. or c.

1. He is a teacher who teaches Biology.
2. He is whom I like most.

      3.

      4.

      5.

      6.

______________________________________________________________________                

smile………J  Two thumbs up  for you! C C Never surrender.!.O

Example:

1.Present Tense: I kick the ball

2.Past Tense : I kicked the ball

3.Present Continous/Progressive : I am kicking the ball

                                                      She/He/It  is kicking the ball

                                                        You/They/We are kicking the ball

4. Past Continous/Progressive : I was kicking the ball

                                                   She/He/It  was kicking the ball

                                                     You/They/We were kicking the ball

5. Modals :  should

                  Must  may might

6. Negative modals:

7. Active vs Passive Voice

Active                                                          Passive Voice________________________

1. You shouldn’t punish your pupils. à Your pupils shouldn’t be punished .(  6    )
2. I take Ali’s shoes.                          à Ali’s shoes are taken by me .(  1 )
3. Koku kicked the balls                      à The balls were kicked by Koku. ( 2  )
4. The monkey has taken my burger    à My burger has been taken by the monkey. ( 8   )
5. Cicakman had sipped my drink àMy drink had been sipped by Cicakman.(9 )
6. Lulu and Lala are hitting Cinderella.             à Cinderella is hitting by Lulu  

                                                                     and Lala.  ( 3   )

7.  Lulu and Lili were hitting Cinderella (4)  àCinderella was hitting by Lulu and Lili

Write NO. -the tenses of the sentences. (present/past/pres participle/past participle/negative modal/present continous or progressive/past progressive etc.)

8. Present Participle/Perfect

Has/have + verb(3)

9. Past Participle/Perfect

Had + verb(3)

**** very important to read a long list of this and read a lot !

(1)Present Tense	(2)Past T	(3)Participle has/have/had	(4)Continous/Prog Is/are/ was/were…
write	wrote	written	writing
sip	sipped	sipped	Sipping
smear	smeared	smeared	smearing

Example:

 The culprits smear the school building’s wall with  some placards.(  1  )

  Yesterday/Last time/Two minutes ago I saw the culprits smeared on the school building’s wall.( 2   )

The culprits have smeared  the wall several times in a month.( 8  )

The culprits are smearing on  the wall by using placard. (3  )

Past Tense vs Present Participle

Present Participle :  unspecified time – since, for, several times/a couple of times/a few times/ many times/ - UNFINISHED JOB

Past Tense : specified time – in 2001, in 2000 and 2001, between 1999 and 2000, last.., ..ago, yesterday, two days ago,..- FINISHED JOB

Drills: Identify either to use Pparticiple or Past Tense

1. I (have worked/worked) since 1999.
2. She (has kicked/kicked) my belly and it was painful.
3. We (have submitted /submitted) our assignment yesterday.
4. Hundred years ago, dinasours (has resided/had resided/resided) our earth.
5. My uncle (has visited/has visit/had visited/visited/is visiting/was visiting)

us many times.

6. My uncle (has visited/visits/ had visited/visited) us many times before this.
7. Now she (reads/read/ is reading/was reading/has read) the Reader’s Digest.
8. I saw she (reads/was reading/ had read) the ‘Laman Impiana’ Magazine.

10. Gerund

Menukarkan Verb kepada Noun. Bilangannya SATU (singular)

e.g.

Walk – verb- kata kerja

Walking – noun   ß--------------------Gerund

Is walking – verb (pre continous)

I like to walk in the park.

Walking is a good habit.

            Browsing the internet is a very fun way to the kids.

            Taking a balanced diet in your meal is a must.

          Cloud seeding by ______(1) out a dried iodided into the clouds in the sky

      ______(2) a temporary effect to the area only.

1. a. flush b. flushes c. flushing  d. flushed
2. a. produce  b. produces c. produced d. has produced

TEST YOUR GRAMMAR/ VOCABS/PROVERBS/IDIOMS/,

 Do you have SMART GUESSES?! – READ A LOT OF SAMPLE ESSAYS.

WRITE SOME PROVERS AND PHRASES SO YOU’LL REMEMBER BETTER

TIPS FOR ExPRESSIBLE  ESSAYS

though  midnight oils are burning to dry

hoped to fill  with whimsical ideas.

Remember the limitation is only your imagination. 

Create and write wonderful stories of adventure/experience in your essays.

Remember the format

Be TRUE to REVEAL the REAL  you

 GET REAL on THE REEL  

And FEEL GOOD

Chill up and cheer up

SWALLOW TH E SORROW

For GOOD M OO D

And  ignite!! Rekindle Dudes.

READY TO GO

Mahmudah!    

Mudah!

By : Virtuoso anynomous maestro bonetto (copyright isadora4004@gmail.com© 29/9/2009 3:55:29 AM) 

*** tips for cloze passage and other grammar rules: I have given you. Please check your own file.